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Common exam pitfall
Students often confuse OR with XOR, thinking XOR outputs 1 when both inputs are 1.
Logic gates operate on Boolean inputs: 0 is false and 1 is true. Learn both each gate's behaviour and its drawn symbol. Inputs enter on the left; the output leaves on the right. A small circle indicates inversion (NOT).
Gate | When its output is 1 |
|---|---|
AND | Both inputs are 1 |
OR | At least one input is 1 |
NOT | Its single input is 0 |
NAND | Not both inputs are 1 |
NOR | Both inputs are 0 |
XOR | Exactly one input is 1 |
Worked comparison
For A=1 and B=1, AND and OR output 1, while XOR outputs 0. XOR is not simply another drawing of OR. NOT has one input; the other gates here have two.
Drawing practice
On paper draw each gate without looking, label its inputs/output, then compare with the symbol sheet. Check the curved AND/OR shapes, the extra input curve for XOR, and the inversion circles for NOT/NAND/NOR. State each gate's output for 0,0 and 1,1 before submitting the structured checks.
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Exam-Style Check: Operational Behavior of the XOR Gate
• Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following describes the exact operating condition under which a 2-input XOR (Exclusive-OR) logic gate outputs a binary 1?
Interactive exercises for Module 2 and beyond require an active plan.